Basic skill IN HOW TO TEACH WRITING SKILL:
Teach letters.
Teaching the fundamentals of letters (what a letter is, what each letter is
called, and how it sounds) is where you should begin if you want to teach
literacy effectively. Regardless of age level or language, literacy must begin
with an understanding of letters. If you are teaching a language with a
non-roman alphabet, the same principle applies: teach the acharacters first.
Teach phonics. Phonics is all about learning what sound
letters make, how to identify those sounds, and how to work with them.
Developing your students’ understanding of phonics will be key to teaching them
to read and write.
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Teach your students
to hear. They need to be able to listen to speech and recognize
that those words are composed of individual sounds.
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Once they grasp the
concept of those sounds, teach them to identify the sounds.
For example, your students will need to be able to hear an “aaaaahhhh” sound
and know that it is written with an “a”.
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Once they are
comfortable identifying sounds, you will also need to teach them how to manipulate sounds
within words. They should be able to recognize when words rhyme or when one
word out of a set begins or ends with a different sound than the others. They
should be able to think of their own examples as well.
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Teach compound sounds
as well. You will need to explain that when certain letters appear together, it
changes how they sound. For example, in English the “th” or “sh”, in Spanish
the “ll”, and in German the “ch” or “eu”.
Teach
the forming of words. Once your students have a solid grasp on letters and their
associated sounds, you can move on to using those letters and sounds to form
words. Read to them frequently at this stage, as well as writing lots of
examples for them to look at. This will give them opportunities to see how
words are formed.
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An important part of
teaching word formation is teaching your students the difference between vowels
and consonants. Teach them which letters are which and explain the necessity of
vowels within a word. Teach the basic principles regarding where in a word
vowels can go. For example, it is very rare for the only vowel in a word to go
at the very end of the word but quite common to have the second letter or sound
of a word be a vowel.
Understand
sentence structure. You students will need to learn and understand sentence
structure once they have mastered forming words. Sentence structure is the
order in which words or parts of speech go, the sequences in which they are
used. Understanding sentence structure will be necessary if they are to form
written sentences which sound correct. Often people will have difficulty
writing naturally like this, even if they speak correctly.
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Your students should
learn how to identify nouns. Teach them what a noun is and where it usually
goes in a sentence. The easiest way to explain it will likely be the
tried-and-true “person, place, thing or idea”.
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Your students will
need to be able to identify verbs, too. Teach them about “action words” and
give them lots of examples. You can have them act out different verbs in order
to solidify the concept in their mind. Explain where verbs go in a sentence.
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Your students will
need to be able to identify adjectives as well. Explain that adjectives
describe other words. Teach them where these words go in a sentence and how
they attach to other words.
Teach
proper grammar. Teaching proper grammar will be absolutely essential to your
students’ learning to write sentences which can be understood and sound
natural.
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Using parts of speech
together is an important concept in grammar. Your students should develop an
understanding of how nouns, verbs and adjectives interact and how they fit
together. Where these words go in a sentence and when they must be preceded or
followed by another is also important to understand.
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Tense is a key concept
to understanding how to form proper sentences. Your students should learn and
practice creating sentences which take place in the past, present, and future.
This will teach them how words must be changed in order to indicate time. This
is a complex skill and is often not truly mastered until much later.
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Conjugation and
declension are other important skills. Conjugation is how verbs change,
depending on how they interact with the other words in the sentence. For
example, in English we say “I jump” but we also say “she jumped”. Nouns can go
through a similar process, called declension, but it is nonexistent in English.
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Though it has largely
been removed from English, many other languages have case systems which your
students will need to understand if they are learning one of those languages.
Cases denote the different functions that nouns and pronouns can serve in a
sentence and, at least in those languages with a case system, how the case
changes the noun (generally with a shift in suffix).
Don’t forget punctuation. A difficult skill to master, the use of proper punctuation
will be vital to creating well constructed sentences. Later in life, proper
punctuation is often seen as a mark of intelligence and education, so building
your students’ skills in this area will be very important for opening up
opportunities for them in the future.
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